![]() This enables recombinant antibody expression of select clones which, together, can effectively recapitulate the activity of pAb. REpAb ® is a next-generation protein sequencing-powered antibody discovery platform that enables users to sequence antibodies directly from serum or a polyclonal mixture. To offer a better alternative and usher in a new era in polyclonal antibody discovery, Rapid Novor developed antibody discovery service REpAb ®. These challenges have greatly limited the therapeutic use of polyclonal antibody drugs. However, due to their batch-to-batch variation, pAb-based drug development requires culling many production animals in addition, polyclonal antibodies have been and continue to be extremely challenging to characterize, which limits the identification of strong candidate leads from pAb pools. While most applications use a single monoclonal antibody in a given context, polyclonal antibodies have been widely used to tackle difficult targets. Moreover, human-derived polyclonal antibody drugs are available as prophylactics against tetanus and cytomegalovirus disease, as well as for passive protection to hepatitis B, to name a few applications 3.Īntibodies are a versatile and ubiquitous tool in the biotech, pharmaceutical and life science industries. The latter is particularly relevant as passive immunization or polyclonal antibody therapy remains the main and sometimes only treatment. Nonetheless, a number of animal-derived polyclonal antibody drugs are still marketed, including immunosuppressive therapies and antivenoms 3. ![]() Polyclonal antibody drugs were once administered to treat pneumonia, scarlet fever, and meningococcal meningitis 3, however, the introduction and rapid development of vaccines, antibiotics, and use of monoclonal antibody therapies - in conjunction with the inherent limitations of polyclonal antibodies - have led to decreased usage of polyclonal antibody drugs. Moreover, polyclonal antibody drugs are favored for their shorter production times and lower production costs compared to their monoclonal counterparts, although they possess greater batch-to-batch variability. These polyclonal antibodies are capable of binding multiple epitopes on a single antigen and, for this reason, they have an increased overall affinity against the antigen of interest compared to monoclonal antibody drugs.Īs a result of the inherent variation within polyclonal antibody drugs, they display greater tolerance to minor changes in the target antigen, which might occur through polymorphisms and glycosylation. In accordance with a natural immune response, a heterogeneous mixture of antibodies is produced, which is then extracted from the animal’s serum. ![]() Depending on the polyclonal antibody drug that is being produced, the antigen needs to be carefully selected.Īntigens can include a wide variety of substances such as peptides, viruses and cells. ![]() Their success can be attributed to their higher efficacy, reassuring safety profiles, and diverse array of applications helping to treat a multitude of diseases including cancers, autoimmune, cardiovascular, metabolic, and infectious diseases.Īs with monoclonal antibody drugs, the generation of polyclonal antibody drugs begins by inoculating an animal with a specific antigen to elicit an immune response (Figure 1 – bottom panel). Monoclonal antibodies have become the main class of novel drugs being developed, as well as the best-selling drugs in the pharmaceutical market. Today, both polyclonal antibody drugs and monoclonal antibody drugs represent important therapeutic tools in a flourishing pharmaceutical field. The transition from polyclonal antibody drugs to a more targeted monoclonal approach was made possible through a series of scientific and technological advancements the most notable of which is the hybridoma technique developed by Köhler and Milstein, which allowed the generation of pure antibodies at scale. Almost a century later, in 1986, the FDA approved the first monoclonal antibody (mAb) drug, muromonab-CD3, for patients undergoing organ transplantation to help reduce the risk of transplant rejection 2. ![]() In 1892, the administration of polyclonal antibodies (pAb) for therapeutic use was developed to treat tetanus and diphtheria 1. ![]()
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